{"success":true,"version":"v1","request":{"tool":"get_calculator_schema","calculator_id":"priming-sugar"},"result":{"entity_type":"calculator","id":"priming-sugar","calculator_id":"priming-sugar","canonical_url":"https://tttkmbb.com/food/priming-sugar","name":"Priming Sugar Calculator","title":"Priming Sugar Calculator – Corn Sugar, Table Sugar, DME or Honey for Bottle Conditioning to a Target CO₂ Volume","category":"food","category_name":"Food & Cooking","tool_name":"calculate_priming_sugar","featured_mcp_tool":false,"description":"Computes the grams of priming sugar needed to bottle-condition beer to a target carbonation, from the beer volume, target CO₂ volumes and the residual CO₂ already dissolved at the beer's post-fermentation temperature, using the CO₂ yield of dextrose, sucrose, dry malt extract or honey.","use_when":"You are bottling homebrew and need the amount of priming sugar for a batch and carbonation level, e.g. 20 L of ale to 2.4 volumes.","do_not_use_when":"You force-carbonate in a keg (use a pressure/temperature carbonation chart instead) or the beer is still fermenting, since the residual CO₂ estimate assumes fermentation is complete.","inputs":[{"name":"beer_volume_l","label":"Beer volume","type":"number","unit":"L","required":true,"max":10000,"exclusive_min":0,"description":"Volume of beer being bottled, in litres (1 US gal = 3.785 L).","example":20},{"name":"target_co2_volumes","label":"Target carbonation","type":"number","unit":"volumes CO₂","required":false,"default":2.4,"min":0.5,"max":5,"description":"Desired carbonation in volumes of CO₂: British ales 1.5–2.0, American ales 2.2–2.7, lagers 2.4–2.6, Belgian ales 1.9–2.4, wheat beers 3.3–4.5.","example":2.4},{"name":"beer_temperature_c","label":"Beer temperature","type":"number","unit":"°C","required":true,"min":-2,"max":40,"description":"Highest temperature the beer reached after fermentation finished (this sets how much CO₂ is still dissolved), not the bottling temperature if the beer was cold-crashed afterwards.","example":20},{"name":"sugar_type","label":"Priming sugar","type":"enum","required":false,"default":"corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate","values":[{"value":"corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate","label":"Corn sugar (dextrose monohydrate)","aliases":["corn sugar","dextrose","glucose","priming sugar","corn_sugar","dextrose_monohydrate"]},{"value":"table_sugar_sucrose","label":"Table sugar (sucrose)","aliases":["sucrose","table sugar","cane sugar","white sugar","table_sugar"]},{"value":"dry_malt_extract","label":"Dry malt extract (DME)","aliases":["dme","malt extract","dried malt extract"]},{"value":"honey","label":"Honey"}],"description":"Type of fermentable used for priming; sets the grams of CO₂ produced per gram.","example":"corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate"}],"outputs":[{"name":"temperature_f","label":"Beer temperature","type":"number","unit":"°F","decimals":1,"description":"beer_temperature_c converted to Fahrenheit (the residual-CO₂ fit uses °F)."},{"name":"residual_co2_volumes","label":"Residual CO₂","type":"number","unit":"volumes CO₂","decimals":3,"description":"CO₂ still dissolved in the beer at that temperature after fermentation."},{"name":"co2_to_add_volumes","label":"CO₂ to add","type":"number","unit":"volumes CO₂","decimals":3,"description":"target_co2_volumes − residual_co2_volumes (0 if the beer is already at or above target)."},{"name":"co2_grams","label":"CO₂ to produce","type":"number","unit":"g","decimals":1,"description":"Grams of CO₂ the priming sugar must generate (1.96 g per volume per litre)."},{"name":"co2_yield_g_per_g","label":"CO₂ yield of the sugar","type":"number","unit":"g CO₂ / g","decimals":4,"description":"Grams of CO₂ produced per gram of the chosen sugar."},{"name":"sugar_grams","label":"Priming sugar","type":"number","unit":"g","decimals":1,"description":"Sugar to dissolve in a little boiled water and mix into the whole batch before bottling."},{"name":"sugar_grams_per_liter","label":"Priming sugar per litre","type":"number","unit":"g/L","decimals":2,"description":"Sugar per litre of beer (for priming individual bottles: multiply by the bottle volume in litres)."},{"name":"sugar_oz","label":"Priming sugar","type":"number","unit":"oz","decimals":2,"description":"Same amount in ounces by weight."},{"name":"style_carbonation_note","label":"Carbonation level","type":"string","decimals":4,"description":"Where the target sits among typical style carbonation ranges, with a bottle-pressure caution above 3 volumes."}],"input_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"beer_volume_l":{"description":"Volume of beer being bottled, in litres (1 US gal = 3.785 L). Unit: L.","type":"number","maximum":10000,"exclusiveMinimum":0,"examples":[20],"x-unit":"L"},"target_co2_volumes":{"description":"Desired carbonation in volumes of CO₂: British ales 1.5–2.0, American ales 2.2–2.7, lagers 2.4–2.6, Belgian ales 1.9–2.4, wheat beers 3.3–4.5. Unit: volumes CO₂.","type":"number","minimum":0.5,"maximum":5,"default":2.4,"examples":[2.4],"x-unit":"volumes CO₂"},"beer_temperature_c":{"description":"Highest temperature the beer reached after fermentation finished (this sets how much CO₂ is still dissolved), not the bottling temperature if the beer was cold-crashed afterwards. Unit: °C.","type":"number","minimum":-2,"maximum":40,"examples":[20],"x-unit":"°C"},"sugar_type":{"description":"Type of fermentable used for priming; sets the grams of CO₂ produced per gram.","type":"string","enum":["corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate","table_sugar_sucrose","dry_malt_extract","honey"],"default":"corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate","examples":["corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate"]}},"additionalProperties":false,"required":["beer_volume_l","beer_temperature_c"]},"output_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"temperature_f":{"description":"beer_temperature_c converted to Fahrenheit (the residual-CO₂ fit uses °F). Unit: °F.","type":"number","x-unit":"°F"},"residual_co2_volumes":{"description":"CO₂ still dissolved in the beer at that temperature after fermentation. Unit: volumes CO₂.","type":"number","x-unit":"volumes CO₂"},"co2_to_add_volumes":{"description":"target_co2_volumes − residual_co2_volumes (0 if the beer is already at or above target). Unit: volumes CO₂.","type":"number","x-unit":"volumes CO₂"},"co2_grams":{"description":"Grams of CO₂ the priming sugar must generate (1.96 g per volume per litre). Unit: g.","type":"number","x-unit":"g"},"co2_yield_g_per_g":{"description":"Grams of CO₂ produced per gram of the chosen sugar. Unit: g CO₂ / g.","type":"number","x-unit":"g CO₂ / g"},"sugar_grams":{"description":"Sugar to dissolve in a little boiled water and mix into the whole batch before bottling. Unit: g.","type":"number","x-unit":"g"},"sugar_grams_per_liter":{"description":"Sugar per litre of beer (for priming individual bottles: multiply by the bottle volume in litres). Unit: g/L.","type":"number","x-unit":"g/L"},"sugar_oz":{"description":"Same amount in ounces by weight. Unit: oz.","type":"number","x-unit":"oz"},"style_carbonation_note":{"description":"Where the target sits among typical style carbonation ranges, with a bottle-pressure caution above 3 volumes.","type":"string"}}},"formula":"T_F = beer_temperature_c × 9/5 + 32; residual = 3.0378 − 0.050062·T_F + 0.00026555·T_F²; CO₂_g = max(0, target_co2_volumes − residual) × beer_volume_l × 1.96; sugar_g = CO₂_g / yield; yield (g CO₂ per g): dextrose monohydrate 2 × 44.01 / 198.17 = 0.4442, sucrose 4 × 44.01 / 342.30 = 0.5143, DME 0.68 × 0.5143 = 0.3497, honey 0.80 × 2 × 44.01 / 180.16 = 0.3909","method":"The residual-CO₂ polynomial is the standard homebrewing fit for beer at equilibrium with 1 atm of CO₂ after fermentation; 1 volume of CO₂ per litre weighs 1.96 g. Sugar yields follow the fermentation stoichiometry (1 mol hexose → 2 mol CO₂); the 68 % fermentable fraction for DME and 80 % sugar content of honey are typical assumptions and vary by product.","sources":[{"name":"Brewer's Friend – Beer priming calculator (residual CO₂ by temperature, sugar CO₂ yields)","url":"https://www.brewersfriend.com/beer-priming-calculator/","type":"reference","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24"},{"name":"BJCP Style Guidelines (2021) – vital statistics for IBU, colour (SRM) and carbonation by style","url":"https://www.bjcp.org/bjcp-style-guidelines/","type":"standard","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24"}],"freshness":{"type":"static","max_age_seconds":null,"note":"Deterministic formula with fixed constants; results never go stale. Inputs supplied by the caller determine the output."},"examples":[{"name":"20 L to 2.4 volumes, beer at 20 °C, corn sugar","inputs":{"beer_volume_l":20,"target_co2_volumes":2.4,"beer_temperature_c":20,"sugar_type":"corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate"},"expected":{"temperature_f":68,"residual_co2_volumes":0.861,"co2_to_add_volumes":1.539,"co2_grams":60.3,"sugar_grams":135.8,"sugar_grams_per_liter":6.79,"sugar_oz":4.79},"url":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/priming-sugar?beer_volume_l=20&target_co2_volumes=2.4&beer_temperature_c=20&sugar_type=corn_sugar_dextrose_monohydrate"},{"name":"19 L wheat beer to 3.5 volumes, beer at 22 °C, DME","inputs":{"beer_volume_l":19,"target_co2_volumes":3.5,"beer_temperature_c":22,"sugar_type":"dry_malt_extract"},"expected":{"residual_co2_volumes":0.815,"co2_grams":100,"sugar_grams":285.9,"sugar_grams_per_liter":15.05},"url":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/priming-sugar?beer_volume_l=19&target_co2_volumes=3.5&beer_temperature_c=22&sugar_type=dry_malt_extract"}],"faq":[{"q":"Which temperature do I enter if I cold-crashed the beer?","a":"The warmest temperature the beer sat at after fermentation ended. CO₂ lost at that temperature does not come back when the beer is chilled, so entering the cold temperature would under-prime the batch."},{"q":"How much is that in table sugar?","a":"Sucrose yields about 16 % more CO₂ per gram than corn sugar (dextrose monohydrate), so use about 0.86 × the corn-sugar weight; run the calculator with sugar_type=table_sugar_sucrose for the exact figure."},{"q":"Is there a risk of bottle bombs?","a":"Standard 12 oz / 330 ml bottles are typically rated to about 3 volumes; above that use heavy Belgian-style or champagne bottles. Bottling a beer that has not finished fermenting is the most common cause of over-carbonation."}],"tags":["priming sugar calculator","bottle conditioning","carbonation volumes","corn sugar priming","homebrew bottling"],"related":[{"calculator_id":"homebrew-abv","reason":"Alcohol content of the beer being bottled."},{"calculator_id":"brine","reason":"Dissolve other ingredients by weight per litre."},{"calculator_id":"cooking-converter","reason":"Convert gallons of beer to litres."}],"links":{"html":"https://tttkmbb.com/food/priming-sugar","markdown":"https://tttkmbb.com/food/priming-sugar.md","json":"https://tttkmbb.com/food/priming-sugar.json","api":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/priming-sugar","schema":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculators/priming-sugar","openapi":"https://tttkmbb.com/openapi.json","mcp":"https://tttkmbb.com/mcp"},"version":"v1","updated_at":"2026-09-24"},"timestamp":"2026-09-24T03:47:55Z"}