{"success":true,"version":"v1","request":{"tool":"get_calculator_schema","calculator_id":"parkland-formula"},"result":{"entity_type":"calculator","id":"parkland-formula","calculator_id":"parkland-formula","canonical_url":"https://tttkmbb.com/medical/parkland-formula","name":"Parkland Formula Calculator","title":"Parkland Formula Calculator – 24-Hour Burn Resuscitation Fluid Volume and Rates","category":"medical","category_name":"Medical & Clinical","tool_name":"calculate_parkland_fluids","featured_mcp_tool":false,"description":"Calculates the first 24-hour crystalloid volume for burn resuscitation from body weight and percent total body surface area burned (4 mL × kg × %TBSA), split into the first 8 hours and the next 16 hours with hourly rates.","use_when":"You need the Parkland (Baxter) starting fluid estimate for an adult with a burn of about 20% TBSA or more.","do_not_use_when":"Burns are small (<15–20% TBSA in adults, <10% in children), for electrical or inhalation injury, or for the ongoing rate, which must be titrated to urine output rather than the formula.","inputs":[{"name":"weight_kg","label":"Weight","type":"number","unit":"kg","required":true,"max":500,"exclusive_min":0,"description":"Body weight in kilograms.","example":70},{"name":"tbsa_percent","label":"Burned area","type":"number","unit":"% TBSA","required":true,"max":100,"exclusive_min":0,"description":"Percent of total body surface area with partial- or full-thickness burns (exclude superficial burns).","example":30},{"name":"ml_per_kg_per_percent","label":"Formula factor","type":"number","unit":"mL/kg/%TBSA","required":false,"default":4,"min":2,"max":4,"description":"4 for the classic Parkland formula; 2–3 for the modified Brooke / ABA consensus range.","example":4}],"outputs":[{"name":"total_24h_ml","label":"Total in first 24 h","type":"number","unit":"mL","decimals":0,"description":"factor × weight × %TBSA."},{"name":"total_24h_liters","label":"Total in first 24 h","type":"number","unit":"L","decimals":2,"description":"Same volume in litres."},{"name":"first_8h_ml","label":"First 8 hours","type":"number","unit":"mL","decimals":0,"description":"Half of the total, given in the first 8 hours from the time of injury."},{"name":"first_8h_rate_ml_per_h","label":"Rate, first 8 h","type":"number","unit":"mL/h","decimals":1,"description":"first_8h_ml / 8."},{"name":"next_16h_ml","label":"Next 16 hours","type":"number","unit":"mL","decimals":0,"description":"Remaining half over the following 16 hours."},{"name":"next_16h_rate_ml_per_h","label":"Rate, next 16 h","type":"number","unit":"mL/h","decimals":1,"description":"next_16h_ml / 16."}],"input_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"weight_kg":{"description":"Body weight in kilograms. Unit: kg.","type":"number","maximum":500,"exclusiveMinimum":0,"examples":[70],"x-unit":"kg"},"tbsa_percent":{"description":"Percent of total body surface area with partial- or full-thickness burns (exclude superficial burns). Unit: % TBSA.","type":"number","maximum":100,"exclusiveMinimum":0,"examples":[30],"x-unit":"% TBSA"},"ml_per_kg_per_percent":{"description":"4 for the classic Parkland formula; 2–3 for the modified Brooke / ABA consensus range. Unit: mL/kg/%TBSA.","type":"number","minimum":2,"maximum":4,"default":4,"examples":[4],"x-unit":"mL/kg/%TBSA"}},"additionalProperties":false,"required":["weight_kg","tbsa_percent"]},"output_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"total_24h_ml":{"description":"factor × weight × %TBSA. Unit: mL.","type":"number","x-unit":"mL"},"total_24h_liters":{"description":"Same volume in litres. Unit: L.","type":"number","x-unit":"L"},"first_8h_ml":{"description":"Half of the total, given in the first 8 hours from the time of injury. Unit: mL.","type":"number","x-unit":"mL"},"first_8h_rate_ml_per_h":{"description":"first_8h_ml / 8. Unit: mL/h.","type":"number","x-unit":"mL/h"},"next_16h_ml":{"description":"Remaining half over the following 16 hours. Unit: mL.","type":"number","x-unit":"mL"},"next_16h_rate_ml_per_h":{"description":"next_16h_ml / 16. Unit: mL/h.","type":"number","x-unit":"mL/h"}}},"formula":"total_24h_ml = ml_per_kg_per_percent × weight_kg × tbsa_percent; first_8h_ml = next_16h_ml = total / 2; rates = first_8h_ml / 8 and next_16h_ml / 16","method":"Baxter and Shires (1968) derived 4 mL/kg/%TBSA of lactated Ringer's; the 8-hour clock starts at the time of burn, and the ABA advises adjusting the rate to a urine output of 0.5 mL/kg/h in adults because formula volumes often over-resuscitate. Results are informational only and not a substitute for clinical judgement or medical advice.","sources":[{"name":"Baxter CR, Shires T (1968) Physiological response to crystalloid resuscitation of severe burns, Ann N Y Acad Sci 150:874-894","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4973463/","type":"peer_reviewed","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24"},{"name":"StatPearls – Burn Fluid Resuscitation (NCBI Bookshelf)","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534227/","type":"reference","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24"}],"freshness":{"type":"static","max_age_seconds":null,"note":"Deterministic formula with fixed constants; results never go stale. Inputs supplied by the caller determine the output."},"examples":[{"name":"70 kg, 30% TBSA","inputs":{"weight_kg":70,"tbsa_percent":30},"expected":{"total_24h_ml":8400,"total_24h_liters":8.4,"first_8h_ml":4200,"first_8h_rate_ml_per_h":525,"next_16h_ml":4200,"next_16h_rate_ml_per_h":262.5},"url":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/parkland-formula?weight_kg=70&tbsa_percent=30"},{"name":"80 kg, 45% TBSA","inputs":{"weight_kg":80,"tbsa_percent":45,"ml_per_kg_per_percent":4},"expected":{"total_24h_ml":14400,"first_8h_rate_ml_per_h":900,"next_16h_rate_ml_per_h":450},"url":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/parkland-formula?weight_kg=80&tbsa_percent=45&ml_per_kg_per_percent=4"}],"faq":[{"q":"What if fluids start 2 hours after the burn?","a":"The first-8-hour half is still due 8 hours after the injury, so the remaining volume is given over 6 hours at a proportionally higher rate."},{"q":"How is %TBSA estimated?","a":"Rule of nines or a Lund-Browder chart for children; the patient's palm (including fingers) is about 1% TBSA. Only partial- and full-thickness burns count."}],"tags":["parkland formula","burn resuscitation","baxter formula","tbsa","fluid resuscitation"],"related":[{"calculator_id":"maintenance-fluids","reason":"Children also need maintenance fluids in addition to resuscitation volume."},{"calculator_id":"body-surface-area","reason":"Absolute body surface area from height and weight."}],"links":{"html":"https://tttkmbb.com/medical/parkland-formula","markdown":"https://tttkmbb.com/medical/parkland-formula.md","json":"https://tttkmbb.com/medical/parkland-formula.json","api":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/parkland-formula","schema":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculators/parkland-formula","openapi":"https://tttkmbb.com/openapi.json","mcp":"https://tttkmbb.com/mcp"},"version":"v1","updated_at":"2026-09-24"},"timestamp":"2026-09-24T01:50:25Z","next_actions":[{"tool":"run_calculator","calculator_id":"parkland-formula","reason":"Run Parkland Formula Calculator with the inputs above."}],"links":{"markdown":"https://tttkmbb.com/medical/parkland-formula.md"}}