{"success":true,"version":"v1","request":{"tool":"get_calculator_schema","calculator_id":"dilution"},"result":{"entity_type":"calculator","id":"dilution","calculator_id":"dilution","canonical_url":"https://tttkmbb.com/chemistry/dilution","name":"Dilution Calculator","title":"Dilution Calculator – Solve C1V1 = C2V2 for Stock Volume, Final Volume or Concentration","category":"chemistry","category_name":"Chemistry","tool_name":"calculate_dilution","featured_mcp_tool":false,"description":"Applies the dilution equation C1·V1 = C2·V2 to find the missing one of stock concentration, stock volume, final concentration or final volume, plus the solvent to add and the dilution factor.","use_when":"You are diluting a stock solution and need how much stock to take, the final volume to make up, or the concentration that results.","do_not_use_when":"You are preparing a solution from solid solute (use molarity) or the concentrations are in mass percent with very different densities (C1V1 = C2V2 assumes volumes are additive and the unit is amount per volume).","inputs":[{"name":"stock_concentration","label":"Stock concentration (C1)","type":"number","required":false,"exclusive_min":0,"description":"Concentration of the stock solution in any unit (M, mM, mg/mL, %, X); all concentrations share the unit.","example":2},{"name":"stock_volume","label":"Stock volume (V1)","type":"number","required":false,"exclusive_min":0,"description":"Volume of stock solution taken, in any unit shared with final_volume (mL, L, µL).","example":25},{"name":"final_concentration","label":"Final concentration (C2)","type":"number","required":false,"exclusive_min":0,"description":"Concentration after dilution, same unit as stock_concentration.","example":0.5},{"name":"final_volume","label":"Final volume (V2)","type":"number","required":false,"exclusive_min":0,"description":"Total volume after dilution, same unit as stock_volume. Leave empty to solve for it."}],"outputs":[{"name":"stock_concentration","label":"Stock concentration (C1)","type":"number","decimals":6,"description":"C1, given or solved."},{"name":"stock_volume","label":"Stock volume (V1)","type":"number","decimals":4,"description":"V1, given or solved."},{"name":"final_concentration","label":"Final concentration (C2)","type":"number","decimals":6,"description":"C2, given or solved."},{"name":"final_volume","label":"Final volume (V2)","type":"number","decimals":4,"description":"V2, given or solved."},{"name":"solvent_volume_to_add","label":"Solvent to add","type":"number","decimals":4,"description":"V2 − V1: diluent (water, buffer) to add to the stock volume."},{"name":"dilution_factor","label":"Dilution factor","type":"number","decimals":4,"description":"C1 / C2 = V2 / V1, e.g. 4 means a 1:4 (4×) dilution."},{"name":"solved_for","label":"Solved for","type":"string","decimals":4,"description":"Name of the quantity that was left empty and computed."}],"input_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"stock_concentration":{"description":"Concentration of the stock solution in any unit (M, mM, mg/mL, %, X); all concentrations share the unit.","type":"number","exclusiveMinimum":0,"examples":[2]},"stock_volume":{"description":"Volume of stock solution taken, in any unit shared with final_volume (mL, L, µL).","type":"number","exclusiveMinimum":0,"examples":[25]},"final_concentration":{"description":"Concentration after dilution, same unit as stock_concentration.","type":"number","exclusiveMinimum":0,"examples":[0.5]},"final_volume":{"description":"Total volume after dilution, same unit as stock_volume. Leave empty to solve for it.","type":"number","exclusiveMinimum":0}},"additionalProperties":false},"output_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"stock_concentration":{"description":"C1, given or solved.","type":"number"},"stock_volume":{"description":"V1, given or solved.","type":"number"},"final_concentration":{"description":"C2, given or solved.","type":"number"},"final_volume":{"description":"V2, given or solved.","type":"number"},"solvent_volume_to_add":{"description":"V2 − V1: diluent (water, buffer) to add to the stock volume.","type":"number"},"dilution_factor":{"description":"C1 / C2 = V2 / V1, e.g. 4 means a 1:4 (4×) dilution.","type":"number"},"solved_for":{"description":"Name of the quantity that was left empty and computed.","type":"string"}}},"formula":"C1 × V1 = C2 × V2; solvent_volume_to_add = V2 − V1; dilution_factor = C1 / C2","method":"Exactly three of the four quantities must be given. The relation assumes the amount of solute is conserved and volumes are additive, which holds well for dilute aqueous solutions.","sources":[{"name":"OpenStax Chemistry 2e – 3.3 Molarity – Dilution of Solutions","url":"https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/3-3-molarity","type":"textbook","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23"},{"name":"Wikipedia – Dilution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution","type":"reference","retrieved_at":"2026-09-23"}],"freshness":{"type":"static","max_age_seconds":null,"note":"Deterministic formula with fixed constants; results never go stale. Inputs supplied by the caller determine the output."},"examples":[{"name":"2 M stock, 25 mL, to 0.5 M","inputs":{"stock_concentration":2,"stock_volume":25,"final_concentration":0.5},"expected":{"final_volume":100,"solvent_volume_to_add":75,"dilution_factor":4,"solved_for":"final_volume"},"url":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/dilution?stock_concentration=2&stock_volume=25&final_concentration=0.5"},{"name":"10 mL of 0.1 M made up to 250 mL","inputs":{"stock_concentration":0.1,"stock_volume":10,"final_volume":250},"expected":{"final_concentration":0.004,"solvent_volume_to_add":240,"dilution_factor":25,"solved_for":"final_concentration"},"url":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/dilution?stock_concentration=0.1&stock_volume=10&final_volume=250"}],"faq":[{"q":"Which units can I use?","a":"Any, as long as both concentrations share one unit and both volumes share one unit; the result comes out in the same units (e.g. mM and µL)."},{"q":"What is the difference between a 1:4 dilution and a 1-in-4 dilution?","a":"Both conventions exist; here dilution_factor = 4 means 1 part stock brought to 4 parts total (3 parts solvent added), which is the C1V1 = C2V2 interpretation."}],"tags":["dilution","c1v1 c2v2","dilute stock solution","dilution factor","serial dilution"],"related":[{"calculator_id":"molarity","reason":"Prepare the stock solution from solid solute first."},{"calculator_id":"mass-percent","reason":"Mass-based concentration units (%, ppm, ppb)."}],"links":{"html":"https://tttkmbb.com/chemistry/dilution","markdown":"https://tttkmbb.com/chemistry/dilution.md","json":"https://tttkmbb.com/chemistry/dilution.json","api":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculate/dilution","schema":"https://tttkmbb.com/api/v1/calculators/dilution","openapi":"https://tttkmbb.com/openapi.json","mcp":"https://tttkmbb.com/mcp"},"version":"v1","updated_at":"2026-09-23"},"timestamp":"2026-09-23T23:29:14Z","next_actions":[{"tool":"run_calculator","calculator_id":"dilution","reason":"Run Dilution Calculator with the inputs above."}],"links":{"markdown":"https://tttkmbb.com/chemistry/dilution.md"}}